In the present study, we have demonstrated that (a) in DHT-treated rats the expression of NPY in granulosa cells was reduced while its receptors NPY2R and NPY5R were upregulated; (b) NPY treatment reduced apoptosis in granulosa cells of DHT-treated but not sham-control rats; and (c) PCOS was not significantly associated with the follicular fluid level of NPY. The gene discussed is NPY; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.