Orally administered gingle-derived exosome-like nanoparticles promote the survival and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-22) contributing to relieve colitis [10]. Here, TNF is linked to colitis.