ATF2 and ocular melanoma: In addition, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis results showed that in PM and OM, overexpression of ATF2 strengthened ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization and increased expression of RUNX2 and OCN, indicating that overexpression of ATF2 could induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.