The regulation and function of the AMPK heterotrimer complex in physiology and disease10,19, reduced AMPK function in obesity and NAFLD9,12,14, and the development of AMPK activators to treat metabolic disorders8,9,20 have been thoroughly discussed in excellent reviews, so this review focuses on the emerging role of obesity-associated microRNAs (miRs) in regulating AMPK function. This evidence concerns the gene PRKAB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.