In addition to insulin-sensitizing effects in adipocytes, 9-PAHSA blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 secretion, and it reduces IL-1β and TNFα levels in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and the number of adipose tissue macrophages expressing IL-1β and TNFα in HF diet-fed mice, revealing its anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue54. Here, INS is linked to hydrops fetalis.