Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) is overexpressed in many types of cancer, and spermidine-mediated eIF5A hypusination (eIF5Ahpu) appears to be essential to most of eIF5A’s biological functions, including its important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties as well as immune cell functions. This evidence concerns the gene EIF5A and cancer.