Overall, several invitro and in vivo studies have demonstratedthat microglia activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration implicatedin PD are propagated through microglial NOX2 activation, followingboth exogenous and endogenous stimuli.115−117 Activation of neuronalbut not microglial NOX2 has been observed in acute and subacute PDmodels, suggesting that neuronal NOX2 may play a primary role in theearly stages of the disease.111 Furthermore,in addition to the basal expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 in neurons,only NOX2 is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. This evidence concerns the gene CYBB and Parkinson disease.