GPC1 and cancer: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans like GPC-1 are known to interact with extracellular matrix cytoskeletal proteins facilitating cell division, migration, and metastasis in cancer.28,29 To investigate the interaction between GPC-1 and cytoskeletal proteins, we used immunofluorescence to examine the localization of endogenously expressed GPC-1 and β-tubulin in normal HET-1A cells and PDEAC cells.