Thus, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity leads to inflammation and insulin resistance involve several complex processes: 1) Release of inflammatory factors by adipocytes: adipocytes release a variety of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.