For instance, nine PSGs (AKAP11, ARHGAP35, BMP7, GPC3, NEK1, PMEPA1, ROBO1, RSPO2, SLC26A7) were significantly enriched in phenotype categories including “abnormal kidney collecting duct morphology,” “increased urine osmolality,” “kidney cortex cysts,” “kidney cysts,” “polycystic kidney,” “hydroureter,” and “abnormal kidney development” (Additional file 1: Table s17). This evidence concerns the gene GPC3 and polycystic kidney disease.