MTOR and tuberous sclerosis: This alteration of the mTOR pathway results in dysregulation of cell growth and metabolism,4 which is why TSC patients develop benign tumors in multiple organ systems, including the brain, kidneys, lungs, heart, eyes, and skin.1,3 An association between TSC and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has recently been established.4–8