Considering their significant role in the adenosine axis and multiple other immunosuppressive mechanistic roles in the TME, targeting CAFs could simultaneously reduce the adenosine mediated immune suppression and allow redistribution of T cells into the tumor nest (as shown in a preclinical study),43 perhaps leading to an increased frequency of CD39+CD8+ T cells in the tumor nest which we show here improves survival. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to neoplasm.