Several observational studies have used methodologies such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to detect measles in stapes samples from patients with otosclerosis and controls.48, 49 Liktor et al.50associated the presence of measles virus with TGFB1. Here, TGFB1 is linked to measles.