MTOR and breast cancer: Factors such as increased growth factors, mutations, loss of gene function, or activation of kinase genes cause inhibition of the pathway leading to carcinogenesis.3,4 The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been identified as a cancer resistance pathway.5,6 In patients receiving hormone therapy for breast cancer, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been identified as an escape pathway that causes tumor cells to become resistant to treatment.7 Cancer cells use a variety of strategies to overcome the immune response of the body’s antitumor system.