miR-148, similar to miR-152 can negatively regulate the innate immune response and is involved in the regulation of antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells.67 It seems that these miRNAs through targeting calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which plays a significant role in dendritic cells maturity and functional, repress the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-6 and enhance the expression of IFN-β.68 Therefore these miRNAs may be helpful targets for reducing the inflammation of dental pulps, and prevents development of periodontal disease. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is periodontal disorder.