IL1B and HIV infectious disease: With the goal to contribute to the control of pediatric HIV-infection in the era of ART and to further support the UNAIDS agenda for research into a functional HIV cure in SSA, the present study has provided new insights on the expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, IFNγ, IL-17A and TNFα), anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10), and inflammation-related (Il-6 and TGF-β1) cytokines/chemokines in APHI in a typical SSA setting like Cameroon.