AML, acute myeloid leukemia;PDX, patient derived xenograft;SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency;HSC, hematopoietic stem cell;ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia;Rag, recombination-activating gene; NOD, non-obese diabetic; NK, natural killer; SIRPA, Signal regulatory proteinα;NSG,NOD/LtSz SCID,IL2rg-/-;NOG,NOD/Shi SCID,IL2rg-/-;NOJ, NOD-SCID/Jak3null ;BRG, Balb/c Rag2-/-IL2rg-/-;SRG, Transgene(Tg) (human SIRPA)Rag2-/-IL2rg/-;NRG,NOD-Rag2-/-IL2rg-/-;NRGS, cross NRG with NSG-SGM3; IL2rg, interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain;. The gene discussed is SIRPA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.