Fractalkine expression is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α) or by direct leukocyte contact (Muehlhoefer et al., 2000; Sans et al., 2007), and has been detected in intestinal epithelial cells and endothelial cells both in normal small intestine and in active Crohn’s disease mucosa (Muehlhoefer et al., 2000). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Crohn disease.