GBP1 and systemic sclerosis: GBP-1 has been detected in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid during infectious and inflammatory diseases including bacterial meningitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis (Naschberger et al., 2006; Hammon et al., 2011; Naschberger et al., 2017).