Existing HFpEF risk prediction models included modified EFFECT score, MAGGIC risk score, a combination of MAGGIC risk score and P-selectin, H2FPEF score 1, H2FPEF score 2, 3A3B score, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status score (CONUT) score + PF4, a combination of modified Glasgow prognostic score and NT-proBNP, SCD score, HAD-AFIB score, EPYC score, MEDIA echo score, HFA-PEFF score, a combination of HFA-PEFF score and PF3, DEI score model, CMR score, Essen stroke risk score (ESRS), and 3 undefined models. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is Schnyder corneal dystrophy.