AKT1 and myopia: On the other hand, KEGG analysis demonstrated that the HIF-1 signaling pathway, ECM-receptor pathway, focal adhesion pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt pathway were enriched with DEGs in the comparisons between the myopic models and the normal controls (Fig. 2i, j), implicating the pathogenic and regulatory roles of these pathways in nonpathologic myopia.