Reduced inhibition and enhanced excitation in cortical circuits is a converging phenotype in various psychiatric disorders associated with mood alterations, psychosis, cognitive deficits, and disruptions in affect (e.g. schizophrenia [55, 67–71]); This is of relevance given that our work demonstrates that Dyn suppresses inhibition and increases excitation of KOR-negative inputs, similar to the converging phenotype described above. Here, OPRK1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.