In vitro transwell migration (Fig. 3f and Supplementary Fig. S1E) and invasion (Fig. 3g and Supplementary Fig. S1F) assays showed that overexpression of NDUFS1 suppressed the migration and invasion potential of MKN45 and AGS GC cells when compared to the MKN45 and AGS-mock control cells (P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene NDUFS1 and gastric cancer.