TNF and malaria: The KEGG pathway analysis results indicate that the 88 candidate genes are mainly enriched in biological signaling pathways such as Osteoclast differentiation, Tuberculosis, Chagas disease, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Staphylococcus aureus infection, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Phagosome, and TNF signaling pathway (www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html) (Fig. 4A).