CD28 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Another study exploring the prognostic significance of exoPD-L1 and CD28 in NSCLC patients receiving ICIs demonstrated that patients with elevated levels of exo-PD-L1 and decreased levels of CD28 had shorter progression-free survivals implying that aggregate baseline levels of exoPD-L1 and CD28 could be of predictive significance of anti-PD1 therapy [57].