At the endpoint, the higher dose of P234 administration led to reduced anterior and posterior wall thicknesses with more severe cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular overexpression of several marker genes associated with cardiac remodeling (Ctgf, Tgfb, Col3a1, Mmp9) and myocardial stretch (Nppa) compared to the CKD-only group. Here, NPPA is linked to chronic kidney disease.