Moreover, the significantly increased interstitial collagen content and the overexpression of the fibrosis- (Ctgf, Tgfb, Col3a1) and cardiac remodeling- (Mmp9) associated markers suggest a more active remodeling process with fibrosis in the higher dose of P234-treated CKD group compared to the CKD-only group. Here, COL3A1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.