In comparison to the controls, ALS samples exhibited a 3-fold increase in the density of TSPO+ microglia (TSPO + IBA1+ cells, Fig. 6f) and a 3-fold increase in TSPO+ activated microglia/macrophages (TSPO + HLA-DR+ cells, Fig. 6g). Here, AIF1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.