Accordingly, NTF such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have been shown to prevent SGN and their peripheral and central processes from degeneration following SNHL in vivo (Scheper et al., 2009, 2020; Havenith et al., 2011; Leake et al., 2011; Vink et al., 2020). The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is sensorineural hearing loss disorder.