In adults with MetS-related symptoms, EE with physical exercise increased BDNF level, cerebral blood flow, and gray matter density in the hippocampus, the insular cortex, and the cerebellar lobule, and improved diffusivity parameters in surrounding white matter structures and the corpus callosum (Mueller et al., 2015; Domínguez-Sanchéz et al., 2018; Wing and Look AHEAD Research Group, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and metabolic syndrome.