Studies have shown that the activation of NF-kB may contribute to the development of AD by increasing the expression of COX-2 in microglia, leading to increased production of pro-inflammatory molecules that exacerbate the neuroinflammatory response in AD (Fig. 2) (Amor et al., 2010, Shabab et al., 2017). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.