The induction of neuronal COX-2 is increased upon synaptic activity, it is also induced in glial cells during inflammatory process and is expressed under normal conditions in hippocampal neurons including tri-synaptic loop, notably in layers II/III of entorhinal cortex, the dentate granule cell layer, and CA3–CA1 neurons (brain regions affected at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease) (Woodling et al., 2016, Kawaguchi et al., 2005). Here, PTGS2 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.