TNF and tuberculosis: For example, in active TB patients, inflammatory mediators such as IL-8, IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, chemokine ligand (CCL) 5, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and beta were not detected in the urine, but chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 10 was persistently detected (189).