HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The other two significantly expressed alleles within HLA-DQA1, i.e., DQA1*05:05:01 [OR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.02–0.34), Pc = 9.7 x 10-5] and DQA1*01:03:01 [OR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.01–0.39), Pc = 0.001], showed protection against T1D, which has also been reported in Saudi Arabia (28).