PTEN and central nervous system cancer: The advancement of genomics has led to the identification of some molecular markers associated with specific gliomas phenotypes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (Nuechterlein et al., 2021), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (Yan et al., 2020), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (Park et al., 2022), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (Cheng et al., 2021).