TNF and neoplasm: Tumors can modulate the endothelial barrier through tumor-derived immunosuppressive and proangiogenic cytokines such as TNF-α, VEGF, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) on endothelium that propitiate the adhesion of T cells or induce the expression of molecules that prompt the cell eradication of effecter T cells (42, 43).