Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have also been implicated in patient response to immunotherapy (42, 43).TAMs are classified into M1 and M2 macrophages based on their different activation pathways and expression of surface molecules: M1 type macrophages promote anti-tumor immunity and M2 type macrophages promote tumor progression by supporting angiogenesis, tumor cell metastasis and suppression of effector CD8+ T cells and NK cells due to reduced efficiency of antigen presentation (44–46). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.