Notably, many of our identified cross-trait effects were previously implicated in hematologic systems (ABO, THBS3),23,30 immune response (WNT3, PLEKHM1, BCL11A, GON4L),13 cell proliferation (PMF1, TTC28, KANSL1), and hormone secretion (CRHR1, ESR1, CYP19A1),14,15 reflecting potential mechanistic pathways linking COVID-19 to tumorigenesis. This evidence concerns the gene WNT3 and COVID-19.