Notably, many of our identified cross-trait effects were previously implicated in hematologic systems (ABO, THBS3),23,30 immune response (WNT3, PLEKHM1, BCL11A, GON4L),13 cell proliferation (PMF1, TTC28, KANSL1), and hormone secretion (CRHR1, ESR1, CYP19A1),14,15 reflecting potential mechanistic pathways linking COVID-19 to tumorigenesis. The gene discussed is ABO; the disease is COVID-19.