TNF and infection: In this study, immune modulation was observed with decreased TNF-α among participants with cervical lesions and coinfected with other reproductive tract infections with a statistical significance between participants with no infection and those with only vaginal infections (54.32 ± 9.50 vs. 31.99 ± 19.29 pg/ml, p < 0.00001) and between those with RTI and those with CIN 1+RTI (31.99 ± 19.29 vs. 48.73 ± 18.77 pg/ml, p < 0.05).