By contrast, M‐CSF, another myeloid cytokine released during infections (Cheers & Stanley, 1988; Roth et al, 1997; Mossadegh‐Keller et al, 2013), and known to promote myelopoiesis (Motoyoshi, 1998; Metcalf, 2009; Ushach & Zlotnik, 2016), can directly act on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce emergency myelopoiesis (Mossadegh‐Keller et al, 2013). Here, CSF1 is linked to infection.