RFTN1 and infection: We found that Rftn1 knockout counteracted the protective effect of norharman in the mice with AP, suggesting that norharman ameliorates pathology in the mice with AP mainly by directly targeting Rftn1. In vitro, the ability of norharman to promote Rftn1 expression and lipid rafts integrity disappeared after substitution of the promoter by infection with the Rftn1 lentiviral vector, suggesting that the promotion of Rftn1 expression by norharman depended on the promoter of Rftn1.