IFNG and malaria: T helper (Th1) cells, which stimulate phagocytic cells to kill iRBCs, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which are required to produce antigen-specific antibodies, are likely critical to protective immunity against malaria.15, 16, 17, 18 In addition, IFNγ and IL-10 co-producing cells have been shown to expand following Plasmodium infections in mice19, 20, 21, 22 and humans,23, 24, 25 and in malaria-endemic settings they are the dominant response in children with malaria.26