SOD1 and Alzheimer disease: Notably, co-administration of cocoa with either EGCG or VIN resulted in the most substantial elevation in the mRNA expression levels of both Nrf2 (by 7.6- and 9.6-fold) and HO-1 (by 6.6- and 8.4-fold), as well as the activity of SOD (by 4.7- and 3.6-fold), compared to the AD group.