APC and colorectal carcinoma: The key genes prone to mutation in CRC are the proto-oncogenes B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), RAS family members (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3CA), the APC regulator of the WNT signaling pathway (APC), and tumor protein p53 (p53).