Stimulation of TLRs on B cells upregulates ChAT expression in a transient manner and activates cholinergic activity by enhancing ACh synthesis, resulting in reduction of neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum during sterile endotoxemia, independently of the VN, indicating that ChAT+ B cells play a role in modulating the local recruitment of neutrophils [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.