PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease: It was shown on mice that resveratrol attenuated CIN by modulating renal oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α- FoxO1 signaling [195]; it was found on rabbits that resveratrol reduced renal hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and renal tubular cell apoptosis by activating SIRT1–PGC–1α–HIF-1α signaling pathways in CIN with diabetic nephropathy [196].