TNF and fungal infectious disease: The probability of developing TB disease is much higher among individuals with medical conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer, renal disease, and severe fungal infections; in individuals who have received organ transplantation or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonist therapy; or in individuals that have been exposed to alcohol and tobacco abuse, malnutrition, or air pollution [3,4,5].