For instance, they activate apoptosis via the regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, while they directly inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and down-regulate the inflammatory NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways to diminish CRC-related inflammation [201]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.