According to a research report, HSN may cause the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo programmed cell death by lowering the Bcl-2 to Bax ratio, opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), secreting Cyt C from the mitochondria, and activating caspases 9 and 3 [22]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and breast carcinoma.