TNF and preeclampsia: Another study by Wu et al. (2019) reported that treatment with Uncaria rhynchophylla alkaloid extract (where HSN presents as an active phytochemical) in LPS-mediated preeclampsia rats inhibited the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), resulting in therapeutic benefits in the complication of pregnant rats by reducing inflammation [18].