TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), interleukin-1b, enzymes of lysyl oxidase (LOX), cyclooxygenase II (COX-II), reactive oxygen species (ROS) of NO, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), prostaglandins, H2O2, TGF (transforming growth factor), and MCSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor) are only a few of the many proinflammatory cytokines that have a role in RA [4].