INS and newborn respiratory distress syndrome: Women with GDM and no insulin use have increased odds of caesarean section, preterm delivery, macrosomia, infant born large for gestational age and low Apgar score, while for women with GDM using insulin, the odds of having an infant requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, who is large for gestational age, with respiratory distress syndrome, and/or neonatal jaundice were higher than in those without GDM [4].