CXCL12 and carcinoma: Another study published in 2020 and performed by Zhu GQ, Jeon SH, Lee KW et al. focused on improving neurogenic bladder after a pelvic nerve injury using engineered SCs by overexpressing stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) secreted by immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (imMSCs) on a neurogenic bladder in a rat model [41].