This effect also occurs in in vivo models, where the infiltration of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were increased in IR-induced AKI and FA-induced AKI mice models but was mitigated after quercetin and Fer-1 administration [8]. Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.